In Beijing, the new president, Xi Jinping, began his stewardship of the party and country by raising defence budget by 10.7% to 740.6 billion yuan ($119 billion). Last year, China's budget stood at $106 billion.
Indian defence officials say China's actual defence spends are almost 60% higher than their declared official budget. In contrast, while the Indian defence budget was hiked only marginally to Rs 203,672 crore ($37.86 billion), the less reported aspect is that the spend is either underutilized or cut by the finance ministry halfway into the year. For instance, in December, 2012, finance minister P Chidambaram had cut the defence capital outlay by Rs 10,000 crore (almost $2 billion).
Chinese defence expenditure is also spurning a cycle of innovation, increasing employment and improvements in industrial capabilities within China, because of the massive indigenization by Chinese military over the last two decades. Indian military continues to buy almost 70% of its military equipment from abroad, and no noticeable effort is being made to increase indigenization.
However, China will be spending much more on internal security threats, at 769.1 billion yuan, according to China's official figures. India's spend on internal security in the coming fiscal is a paltry Rs 52,264 crore ($ 9.86 billion), showing perhaps a greater sense of confidence among Indians, unlike China, whose massive spends could indicate that the leadership is actually afraid of its people. Beijing has listed a growing number of mass incidents of unrest as being the reason for such large outlays. In 2010, China registered 90,000 such incidents, and has refused to divulge figures for the past couple of years.
In the past two decades, China has carried out a massive reversal of its dependence on imports. According to Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), China, which was the largest recipient of arms exports between 2002 and 2006, fell to fourth place in 2007-11. While India has climbed to become the world's largest recipient of arms, accounting for 10% of global arms imports in 2007-11, according to SIPRI. As China steps up its purchases from domestic industries it is set to kick off several technological breakthroughs, nurture a robust R&D culture and power a powerful military-industrial complex.
The worry is India's budgeted defence expenditure is only 1.79% of the projected GDP for 2013-14, much less than the 3% being demanded by the armed forces and strategic experts for years to ensure requisite deterrence against both China and Pakistan. In fact, it's even worse than the 1.9% figure of 2012-13.
India's defence budget of Rs 203,672 crore ($37.86 billion) is a 5.3% jump over last year's allocation of Rs 193,408 crore and a 14% hike over the revised estimate of Rs 178,504 crore. India also spends more on paying salaries and on day-to-day costs than on actually procuring new weapons. Such expenditure stands at Rs 116,931 crore, surpassing capital expenditure at Rs 86,741 crore, reflecting a poor "teeth-to-tail'' ratio.
A military expert said, "Exactly a year ago, the then Army chief General V K Singh warned of huge operational gaps in war-fighting capabilities...the situation remains the same."
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